Imaginary and complex numbers

Fanciful and complex numbers When Are We Ever Going to Use This? †Imaginary and Complex Numbers The number √-9 may appear to be inconceivable, and it is when discussing genuine numbers. The explanation is that when a number is squared, the item is rarely negative. Be that as it may, in arithmetic, and in every day life so far as that is concerned, numbers like these are utilized in plenitude. Mathematicians need an approach to join numbers like √-9 into conditions, with the goal that these conditions can be reasonable. From the start the going was extreme, yet as the point increased more force, mathematicians figured out how to unravel what their antecedents considered unimaginable with the utilization of a straightforward letter I, and today it is utilized in a plenty of ways. History of Imaginary Numbers During the beginning of human scientific history, when somebody arrived at a point in a condition that contained the square base of a negative number, they solidified. One of the primary recorded occasions of this was in 50 AD, when Heron of Alexandria was analyzing the volume of a shortened pyramid. Sadly for him, he happened upon the articulation which registers to . In any case, at his time, not negative numbers were â€Å"discovered† or utilized, so he simply overlooked the negative image and proceeded with his work. Therefore, this first experience with complex numbers was ineffective. It isn't until the sixteenth century when the situation of complex numbers returns, when mathematicians endeavor to explain cubic and different conditions of higher-request. The Italian algebraist Scipione dal Ferro before long experienced these fanciful numbers when comprehending further extent polynomials, and he said that finding the answer for these numbers was â€Å"impossible†. Be that as it may, Girolamo Cardano, likewise Italian, gave this subject some expectation. During his numerical profession, he opened up the domain of negative numbers, and before long started examining their square roots. Despite the fact that he conceded that fanciful numbers were practically pointless, he shed some light regarding the matter. Luckily, this tad of light would before long transform into a full shaft. In 1560, the Bolognese mathematician Rafael Bombelli found a one of a kind property of nonexistent numbers. He found that, in spite of the fact that the number √-1 is nonsensical and non-genuine, when duplicated without anyone else (squared), it produces both a levelheaded and genuine number in - 1. Utilizing this thought, he likewise concocted the procedure of conjugation, which is the place two comparable complex numbers are duplicated together to dispose of the fanciful numbers and radicals. In the standard a+bi structure, a+bi and a-bi are conjugates of one another. Now, numerous different mathematicians were endeavoring to explain the slippery number of √-1, and in spite of the fact that there were a lot more bombed endeavors, there was a tad of achievement. Be that as it may, in spite of the fact that I have been utilizing the term nonexistent all through this paper, this term didn't come to be until the seventeenth century. In 1637, Rene Descartes previously utilized the word â€Å"imaginary† as a modifier for these numbers, implying that they were insolvable. At that point, in the following century, Leonhard Euler settled this term in his own Eulers character where he utilizes the term ifor √-1. He at that point interfaces â€Å"imaginary† from a numerical perspective with the square base of a negative number when he composed: â€Å"All such articulations as √-1, √-2 . . . are thusly inconceivable or fanciful numbers, for we may affirm that they are neither nothing, not more prominent than nothing, nor not as much as nothing, which essentially renders them nonexistent or impossible.† Although Euler expresses that these numbers are incomprehensible, he contributes with both the term â€Å"imaginaryà ¢â‚¬  and the image for √-1 as I. In spite of the fact that Euler doesn't fathom a nonexistent number, he makes an approach to apply it to arithmetic absent a lot of difficulty. Consistently, there have been numerous doubters of nonexistent numbers; one is the Victorian mathematician Augustus De Morgan, who expresses that mind boggling numbers are pointless and foolish. There was a back-and-forth fight between the individuals who put stock in the presence of numbers, for example, I and the individuals who didn't. Not long after Rene Descartes commitments, the mathematician John Wallis delivered a technique for diagramming complex numbers on a number plane. For genuine numbers, a level number line is utilized, with numbers expanding in an incentive as you move to one side. John Wallis added a vertical line to speak to the nonexistent numbers. This is known as the perplexing number plane where the x-hub is named the genuine hub and the y-hub is named the fanciful pivot. Along these lines, it got conceivable to plot complex numbers. Be that as it may, John Wallis was overlooked right now, it assumed control longer than a century and a couple of more mathematicians for this plan to acknowledged. The first to concur with Wallis was Jean Robert Argand in 1806. He composed the technique that John Wallis concocted for charting complex numbers on a number plane. The individual who made this thought far reaching was Carl Friedrich Gauss when he acquainted it with numerous individuals. He additionally u tilized the term complex number to speak to the a+bi structure. These strategies made complex numbers progressively reasonable. All through the 1800s, numerous mathematicians have added to the legitimacy of complex numbers. A few names, to give some examples, are Karl Weierstrass, Richard Dedekind, and Henri Poincare, and they all contributed by considering the general hypothesis of complex numbers. Today, complex numbers are acknowledged by most mathematicians, and are handily utilized in arithmetical conditions.

Participation In Finnish Child Care Centers-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Participation In Finnish Child Care Centers? Answer: Introducation It is suggested that the Toddlers Warehouse ought to guarantee that pediatricians and kid advisors are likewise enrolled to guarantee that the consideration of the kids could be taken effectively. Also, youngster advocates are fundamental so as to guarantee that the guide could direct any issue looked by the kids effectively. The Toddlers Warehouse, should think about growing in the Asian nations too. Since the way of life of the Asian nations are evolving quickly, and the vast majority of the guardians of the kids are working these days, thus the Asian promoting is a decent extent of development for the Toddlers Warehouse. The changing society expands the interest for such day care places for the kids (Lamb 2014). Therefore, so as to take into account the requirements of the Asian societies, the development systems could be thought of. Another suggestion that could be made incorporates that the best quality food are served to the youngsters as indicated by the eating regimen recomme nded by pediatricians and dieticians (Venninen et al. 2014). This will draw in more clients and guardians to keep their youngsters in the Toddlers Warehouse, as they would be guaranteed of the wellbeing and security of their kids. This affirmation will build the clients, therefore upgrading the matter of the organization (Lamb 2014). It is additionally suggested that the situating of the Toddlers Warehouse be made close to the workplace zones, with the end goal that the workplace going guardians could drop and get the kids while setting off to the workplace or returning. These proposals, whenever executed in the organization will guarantee the improvement in the matter of Toddlers Warehouse. End This task features the advertising technique and promoting the board of a full help childcare/improvement office that thinks about little children of the age three to five, named Toddlers Warehouse. The strategic vision of the organization has been portrayed in subtleties alongside featuring the different administrations that are given to the clients. The extraordinary selling suggestions of the organization incorporate treating the kids with care, alongside guaranteeing that they are occupied with positive extra-educational program exercises. The organization additionally guarantees that they kids get familiar with the fundamental numbers and letters in order, while in the day care focus. The market division of the organization is done dependent on socioeconomics, all day working guardians, just as two-pay working experts. The objective market has been recognized properly, with the end goal that the organization can arrive at their objective administration effectively. The situating of the Toddlers Warehouse is acceptable, and guarantees high business of the organization (Venninen et al. 2014). The upper hands of the Toddlers Warehouse incorporate specific preparing, creative learning projects and office visits. Along these lines, the organization can pick up advantage over the other comparative childcare places, consequently guaranteeing successful business. Not many proposals have been recommended, that could be executed in the Toddlers Warehouse, to such an extent that the improvement in the business alongside pulling in more clients will be seen. Since childcare focuses have a key task to carry out, in molding the fate of the youngsters, henceforth it is significant that the Toddlers Warehouse center around the general creating of the kids, alongside improvement in their business.; References Sheep, M.E., 2014.Child consideration in setting: Cross-social points of view. Brain science Press. Venninen, T., Leinonen, J., Lipponen, L. what's more, Ojala, M., 2014. Supporting childrens interest in budgetary youngster care centers.Early Childhood Education Journal,42(3), pp.211-218.

Book Riots Deals of the Day for February 19th, 2019

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Essay on Sacrifice to the Signifier, in Comic Praise of...

Sacrifice to the Signifier, in Comic Praise of the Logos When Socrates wanted to inspire Glaucon with knowledge of the pure forms, he conjured up a rhetorical fantasm—a word-picture whose referent could appear no other way, and whose signified emerged from a cluster of signifiers (men chained before a blazing fire, shadows on a cave wall, etc.). At once self-consciously artificial and didactic, Socrates’ allegory prompts an understanding, produces a knowledge that leans upon fantasy and imagination as its only supports. Replying to Socrates, Glaucon registers his appreciation of the allegory: All this I see. Perhaps this primal scene of philosophical instruction can most productively be grasped as a deaf moment, or as an†¦show more content†¦Glaucon’s utterance—All this I see—is a paradigmatic figure of speech, not a literal knowledge-claim, which composes a prominent pattern of response to the words of others. I see what you mean, I see it clearly now, I’ve seen the light, etc.—such a pattern of response pins abstract cognition to sensual particularity. Furthermore, the rhetorical/poetic category of imagery suggests similar principles of anchorage. Vividness, clarity, scope, proportionality, elegance, and other criteria for rhetorical excellence all imply firm grounding in the utilities and pleasures of sight. The prominence of that pattern or grounding may indeed imply a hegemony of vision over other sensory modes, but it does not perform a radical break from what Gadamer terms linguisticality or what we typically refer to as the logos. Nor does it recommend the displacement of other ways of essentializing human subjectivity, e.g., homo faber, homo dialecticus, or man the symbol-using and misusing animal. (Consider how much would be lost and how little would be gained if a definition such as the seeing animal or the image-making and unmaking animal were supplied.) Even Lacan’s insistence on the visual, his heavy investment in the relationship between imagery and desire, and his

Derivatives Markets 3rd Edition Solutions Pdf Essay

DERIVATIVES MARKETS 3RD EDITION SOLUTIONS PDF Derivatives Markets 3rd Edition Solutions Pdf can be extremely handy things, and derivatives markets 3rd edition solutions pdf play an important role in your products. The problem is that once you have gotten your nifty new product, the derivatives markets 3rd edition solutions pdf gets a brief glance, maybe a once over, but it often tends to get discarded or lost with the original packaging. Equally you may have made a second hand purchase derivatives markets 3rd edition solutions pdf and when the time comes that you actually need it - something gets broken, or there is a feature you need to learn about - lo and behold, said derivatives markets 3rd edition solutions pdf is nowhere to be†¦show more content†¦you may find it useful ... pearson has also published student solutions manual to derivatives markets which provides solutions to ... simplify your answers. 1. a stock pays ... Date shared: Oct 31, 2014 | Download and Read Online Derivatives Markets Solutions Manual Macdonald read online and download pdf ebook derivatives markets solutions ... derivatives markets 3rd edition solutions manual pdf file for free, get many pdf ... Date shared: Oct 31, 2014 | Download and Read Online Endofchapter Questions For Practice (with Answers)the end-of-chapter questions for practice (with answers). following is a list of selected end-of-chapter questions for practice from mcdonalds. derivatives markets. Date shared: Oct 31, 2014 | Download and Read Online Untitled second edition ... derivatives markets, 2e i robert l. mcdonald. ...... ate a spreadsheet and compute the same answers starting from the basic assumptions. Date shared: Oct 31, 2014 | Download and Read Online 2014 Financial Economics Part 1i Have Written Study Guides nov 13, 2013 - solutions to the problems in each section are at the end of that section. .... /media/objects/14728/15081864/appendices/mcdonald-web-25-a.pdf ) ... chapter of second edition derivatives markets sections of study guide ... the syllabus consists of various sections of the 3rd edition of derivatives markets by ... Date shared: Oct 31, 2014 | Download and ReadShow MoreRelatedSolution Manual, Test Bank and Instructor Manuals34836 Words   |  140 Pagesneed any solution manual, testbank for testbooks from the list, do contact us anytime, we provide competitive prices and fast delivery after payment done. Contact us: smtbportal@gmail.com smtbportal(at)gmail(dot)com 2010 Corporate Partnership Estate and Gift Tax with HR Block TaxCut 4e Pratt Kulsrud Solution Manual 2010 Corporate Partnership Estate and Gift Tax with HR Block TaxCut 4e Pratt Kulsrud Test Bank 2010 Federal Taxation with HR Block TaxCut 4e Pratt Kulsrud Solution Manual Read MoreCapital Market Theory Rsm 332 - Week 26503 Words   |  27 PagesCAPITAL MARKET THEORY RSM 332 – Week 2 Week 1 – Introduction – Financial Accounting (Review) Week 2 – Financial Markets and Net Present Value Week 3 – Present Value Concepts Week 4 – Bond Valuation and Term Structure Theory Week 5 – Valuation of Stocks Week 6 – Risk and Return – Problem Set #1 Due Week 7* – Midterm (Tuesday*) Week 8 - Portfolio Theory Week 9 – Capital Asset Pricing Model Week 10 – Arbitrage Pricing Theory Week 11 – Operation and Efficiency of Capital Markets Week 12 – Course ReviewRead MoreCoca-Cola Analysis Essay2484 Words   |  10 Pagescomplement products, market competitors and input prices or costs, etc. Introduction Coke refers to Coca-cola which is a dominant product of the Coca-Cola Company. There are six parts in this essay to display the market structure, factors affecting price, demand and supply, substitute and complement products, elasticity, market competitors and some factors of production of the Coke. Market structures Definition A classification system for the key characteristics of a market, including the numberRead MoreLatin American Airline Industry4384 Words   |  18 PagesAviacià ³n, Brazil with Varig, and TACA as a brand of several airlines of Central American countries (Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Guatemala and Nicaragua). All the previous airlines started regular operations before World War II. The air travel market has evolved rapidly over recent years in Latin America. Some industry estimations over 2000 new aircraft will begin service over the next five years in this region. These airlines serve domestic flights within their countries, as well as connectionsRead More The Global Financial Crisis Essay3569 Words   |  15 Pages1. Introduction 1.1. Background The Financial crisis was triggered in 2006 when US housing market began to crumble as the housing price reached their highest point after years of speculative price increase; many house owners defaulted on their loans, particularly subprime mortgagers (Archarya et al., 2009). Starting in mid-2007, the outburst of US housing bubble in the subprime mortgage leads to the global financial crisis that has been often so called ‘Great Recession’ (Verick and Islam, 2010)Read MoreRisk Management Task 1a4779 Words   |  20 Pagesoverview is useful in order to frame my discussion. To begin, risk can be divided broadly into financial risk and operating risk. Financial risk is the risk of loss arising from the movement of a market or performance of a counterparty and can be segregated into market risk (the risk of loss due to movement in market references, such as interest rates, stock prices or currency rates), liquidity risk (the risk of loss due to an inability to obtain unsecur ed funding or sell assets in order to make payments)Read MoreHsbc Marketing Strategies10555 Words   |  43 Pagesmedium-sized and middle market enterprises. The group has over two million such customers, including sole proprietors, partnerships, clubs, and associations, incorporated businesses and publicly quoted companies. In the UK, 209 Commercial Centre were launched to provide improved relationship management for higher value small-medium-sized enterprise customers, while in Hong Kong, Business Banking Centres, were expanded to provide a one-stop service. Corporate Investment Banking and Markets: Tailored financialRead MoreA Review and a Conceptual Framework of Prestige-Seeking Consumer Behavior9366 Words   |  38 Pageshedonic values (e.g., sensory beauty). Such interactions occur at personal and societal levels. Thus, a brand s prestige is created Academy of Marketing Science Review Volume 1999 No. 1 Available: http://www.amsreview.org/articles/vigneron01-1999.pdf Copyright  © 1999Academy of Marketing Science. Vigneron and Johnson / A Review and a Conceptual Framework of Prestige from a multitude of interactions between the consumer and elements within the environment. Prestige-seeking behavior is the resultsRead MoreEntrepreneurship: Venture Capital and International Information Programs12997 Words   |  52 Pagessome economists, the entrepreneur is one who is willing to bear the risk of a new venture if there is a significant chance for profit. Others emphasize the entrepreneur’s role as an innovator who markets his innovation. Still other economists say that entrepreneurs develop new goods or processes that the market demands and are not currently being supplied. In the 20th century, economist Joseph Schumpeter (1883-1950) focused on how the entrepreneur’s drive for innovation and improvement creates upheavalRead MoreCosmetic Industry Analysis28098 Words   |  113 PagesIntroduction Global economy had experienced the worst recession in decades during 2008 till 2009 (Nouriel, 2009). Fear and panic were surrounded among people. During those days, the main headline of newspaper is about share market decreasing, industrial growth decreasing, and overall instability of the economy. Rumors are thick and flying, as a result, it create more fear among people and households about their savings and hard earned income. Most countries are affected by the recession, especially

Introduction Palm Fiber Wall as Good Insulator Free Essays

INTRODUCTION Nowadays, there are many innovation to build a container which can prevent heat lost faster. But most of them are made from polymer material which are not easily decompose when its become waste material after finish use it. As we know, the world is facing with a big problem about the waste product. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction: Palm Fiber Wall as Good Insulator or any similar topic only for you Order Now The increasing in waste product will lead to hazardous pollution. As the world getting older the waste product continue to increase. And as the waste product increase our world will be in a danger situation. Regarding to this situation, we as a concern citizen will try to save the earth by using waste product in our daily life. So, we try to use a waste product from palm plant which is palm fiber. Malaysia growth over 1 billion palm tree all over the country especially in Sabah. Sabah was labeled as the richest land of palm plant. Palm fruit is used as fuel especially cooking oil. Palm fruit actually not only is use to produce cooking oil but every part of the palm tree has their own uses. After making some observation, we find that palm fruit can be divided into three main layer which are mesocarp, shell and kernel. Shell and kernel is a replacement for firewood while mesocarp contains fiber that we need for our experiment. To get the fiber from the mesocarp, the Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) is keep in an specific oven and steamed with 240 oC temperature in 80 minutes. Then, the FFB is transfer into a ‘Treasure Machine’ to separate its Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and the palm fruits. The palm fruits contained oil, nut and mesocarp. The oil, nut and mesocarp will be extract from palm fruit by using ‘Screw Press Machine’ with specific pressure and temperature. Now, only the nut and mesocarp left. The mesocarp is the part which contain palm fiber which is used in our research.. In palm factory, the nut and the fiber are used as a fuel. The structure of palm fiber that is very light and can absorb a lot of heat without congealing that makes it more suitable to be made as heat insulator. Additionally, it also can withstand extreme temperature and moisture condition that fulfill the properties of heat insulator. Besides, it is non hazardous biodegradable material extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunch. It also clean and free from pesticides. So, with all the benefits of palm fiber we can create a good heat insulator container compare to the polymer container. By finishing this project, we have create an eco-friendly invention that can reduce the pollution in our world. Therefore we also create a cheap product which can be use in our daily life. How to cite Introduction: Palm Fiber Wall as Good Insulator, Papers

Critical Evaluation Positive and Negative Impacts of Playing Video Ga

Question: Discuss about theCritical Evaluationfor Positive and Negative Impacts of Playing Video Games. Answer: Introduction For the last few decades, the video game playing became the part of the children life. Greitemeyer and Osswald (2009) mentioned that Atari first introduced with the gaming console. The game included the simple game of the tennis. In present days, the children are comfortable in playing the video games and they enjoy the games much. The growing market of video game is the proof of popularity in children. Playing the video games has various effects on the children that are positive and negative effects. These effects can be beneficial for the children as well as harmful. The assignment focuses on the positive and negative impact of video games on the children. In the last section of the assignment, the experience of using turnitin is described, which is a reflective part. Positive Effect of Video Games Playing Granic, Lobel and Engels (2014) opined that the most strong effect of playing video game increases the agility of the child and helps to improve the hand and eye coordination. On the other hand, Unsworth et al. (2015) stated the new video games are very complex and the playing style of those games is complex as well. These games need use of different types of buttons and sticks on the controller. Therefore, these games are beneficial for the children as it helps the children to learn about the connection in between mind, eyes and hands. In such context, Adachi and Willoughby (2011) mentioned that the video games help to develop the cognitive power and reflection system of the children quickly. The children need to play the new video games very consciously. They have to control the characters of video games very consciously. Therefore, it helps to improve the concentration power of the children (Boyle et al. 2016). Moreover, the video game controller helps the children learn about han dling the real life objects and machineries. In view of Ferguson et al. (2014), many of the video games are funny and entertaining that provides amusement to the children. This helps to improve the creative power of the children. On the other hand, Grizzard et al. (2014) argued that not only the children but also the adults get amusement from the video games. The video games help to reduce the stress in the adults. The video games help to increase the confidence level in the children. This can improve the mathematical power of the children. As mentioned by Rosen et al. (2014), some of the video games have several levels. When the children win the first level and move on to the next level, they earn points. This helps to improve the mathematical skills of the children. Therefore, the video games influence the children to think critically and develop their critical thinking power. However, there is various knowledge gaining video games, which motivates the children to improve their knowledge about the computers. This factors func tions very positively among the children. In spite of entertainment and learning values, the video games have various negative effects that are associated with the playing video games. The negative impacts of the video game playing are discussed in the next section. Negative Effect of Video Games Playing The video games may have negative impact on the children. They may achieve the negative and aggressive thoughts that are reflected in the behavior of the children. This signs and symptoms of the children show the negative effects of the video game playing. Greitemeyer and Osswald (2009) mentioned that the signs of vulnerability and aggressiveness can influence the children about the malpractice. Adachi and Willoughby (2011) opined that the children may not concentrate on their studies and therefore their scores of examinations can hamper. Granic, Lobel and Engels (2014) showed in a research that children, who crazy about the video game are playing, have lack of concentration in their studies. As opined by Unsworth et al. (2015), the violent video games make the children violent and vulnerable. The video games make the children lazy and lead them to live a sedentary lifestyle. The children watch the violence in the media; video games take the effect of violence in the next level. Boyl e et al. (2016) mentioned that many of the video games provide opportunities to the children to participate in the violence of the video games. There are various games, which provide the chance to the children to play the arm bearing characters. These characters kill anyone, whom they want. They can commit various kinds of crime. These kinds of games have negative impact on the children. Ferguson et al. (2014) agreed that such type video games influence the children to commit offences. The video games make the children lazy therefore, the children avoid their daily activities and addicted to the video games. Grizzard et al. (2014) mentioned that it is the duty of elder to encourage the children so that they can participate in the outdoor games rather than just spending time in playing the video games. Rosen et al. (2014) added that most of the time the children skip their meals due to the addiction of the video games. Therefore, the children suffer from the childhood obesity. Moreover, back pain, headache, carpel tunnel syndrome and eyestrain may occur in the children. on the other hand, Adachi and Willoughby (2011) suggested that the parents need to monitor the children so that they cannot play violent video games and not became addicted to the video game playing. They need to give proper time to their children so that they do not feel alone and addicted to the vide o games. Conclusion Based on the above discussion, it can be said that video game playing has various effects on the children. The children can improve their knowledge as well as can improve the reflexes and dexterity. They soul dot be addicted to the video games that as negative impact on them. Te need to participate in the outdoor games and physical activities. These practices can improve the performance of the children and improve the concentration power. The parents needs to take the matter seriously and try to improve the lifestyle of the children so that they can lead a moderate lifestyle. References Adachi, P.J. and Willoughby, T., 2011. The effect of violent video games on aggression: Is it more than just the violence?.Aggression and Violent Behavior,16(1), pp.55-62. Boyle, E.A., Hainey, T., Connolly, T.M., Gray, G., Earp, J., Ott, M., Lim, T., Ninaus, M., Ribeiro, C. and Pereira, J., 2016. An update to the systematic literature review of empirical evidence of the impacts and outcomes of computer games and serious games.Computers Education,94, pp.178-192. Ferguson, C.J., Olson, C.K., Kutner, L.A. and Warner, D.E., 2014. Violent video games, catharsis seeking, bullying, and delinquency: A multivariate analysis of effects.Crime Delinquency,60(5), pp.764-784. Granic, I., Lobel, A. and Engels, R.C., 2014. The benefits of playing video games.American Psychologist,69(1), p.66. Greitemeyer, T. and Osswald, S., 2009. Prosocial video games reduce aggressive cognitions.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,45(4), pp.896-900. Grizzard, M., Tamborini, R., Lewis, R.J., Wang, L. and Prabhu, S., 2014. Being bad in a video game can make us morally sensitive.Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking,17(8), pp.499-504. Rosen, L.D., Lim, A.F., Felt, J., Carrier, L.M., Cheever, N.A., Lara-Ruiz, J.M., Mendoza, J.S. and Rokkum, J., 2014. Media and technology use predicts ill-being among children, preteens and teenagers independent of the negative health impacts of exercise and eating habits.Computers in human behavior,35, pp.364-375. Unsworth, N., Redick, T.S., McMillan, B.D., Hambrick, D.Z., Kane, M.J. and Engle, R.W., 2015. Is playing video games related to cognitive abilities?.Psychological science,26(6), pp.759-774.

The Age of Exploration

Introduction Exploration had begun long before Christopher Columbus started off. Some studies indicate that the European explorers had discovered the New World before Columbus did in 1492. They note that the explorers of Viking Norsemen had already settled in northeast Canada around 1000 A.D. However, the exploration, or the settlement of the Viking Norsemen, had little effects on the lives of the Native Americans because these explorers soon sailed back across the Atlantic and to Europe.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Age of Exploration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After the age of the Viking Norsemen explorations, the Age of Exploration started at around the fifteenth century until the seventeenth century. Occasionally, some historians refer to this period as the Age of Discovery. It refers to the period when â€Å"Europeans began exploring the world by sea in search of trading partners, new goods, an d new trade routes†.1 Other Europeans wanted to discover much information about the new world. The pieces of information these explorers gathered during this period have been useful in enhancing geographical knowledge and understanding the world. We can only attribute this period with advancement and discoveries in human history. Most individual explorers got sponsorship from their own countries. The states wanted to explore and establish themselves in the New World. Every territory the explorers discovered was claimed by the nations as their own, which is the main contribution of the explorers in the wide context during this period. The nations that sponsored their explorers included Spain, England, Portugal, Netherland, and France among others. Factors that favored exploration European explorers became the leading players in the discovery of the New World. There were a number of factors that favored their exploration efforts which included the following. First, growth of com merce and towns in European nations gave incentives for explorations. Europeans looked for goods and luxuries such as spices and gold from Asian countries. They also wanted to show their cultures to others in foreign land. The development of towns led to changes in lifestyles as secular topics dominated, and geography and humanism were among them. Explorers wanted to challenge the existing knowledge in geography. Second, we can also attribute explorations to the religious fervor in Europe. Most of the explorers, including Christopher Columbus, Magella, and Vasco da Gama, were Christians who believed in God’s guidance during their journeys. They believed that it was their obligation to spread Christianity and win converts in the new land. Europeans also had the notion that the world was their property.2 Third, European explorers also found favors in the geographical locations of their countries. The extreme end position allowed ease of access to the East, which also encouraged trade among numerous middlemen. We can remember Ottoman Empire for establishing such strong trade routes with the East.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some of the disadvantaged European nations had incentives to find new trade routes to the Far East because Muslim nations tended to dominate European trade. Europe also had a strategic position for exploring both Africa and other Asian countries. Still, they had the opportunities of setting voyage across Atlantic Ocean to America. Fourth, the growth of the ship and navigation technologies encouraged Europeans to set voyages and discover the New World. The development of a compass gave sailors certainties regarding their directions. They could also calculate the latitude through the North Star and the sun using quadrants, astrolabes, and cross staff. Technological innovations also led to the invention of a chronometer for even more accur ate measurements. The ship development improved with varieties of choices and strong options to resist rocking and strong winds and waves. Shipwrights could choose from Mediterranean or Atlantic styles. Ships also had stern rudder and clinker-built hulls. Maps also played significant roles in explorations. The medieval maps had little to offer explorers. However, there were advanced improvements in maps showing locations and coastal lines. Still, such maps (portolan charts) could only serve Europe. Most sailors used lore to guide their routes. They could read the movements of birds, observe changes in color of the water, vegetation, and skies. It was not until 1500 when some decent maps came along, but sailors guarded their information.3 Key Figures in Exploration The governments of different nations had interests in foreign and new lands. Consequently, they funded and provided supplies for explorers willing to explore new areas. Explorers also had personal curiosities and interests to explore and discover unknown places. Trade in luxury goods also encouraged exploration. During this very period, nations were interested in luxury goods like gold, silk, and spices among others. Most of these nations’ interests were to find new trade routes for luxury commodities. During the period of Ottoman Empire, Europeans had no access to most areas in the Far East. This action restricted European trade with the Far East. People from Portugal were the first known explorers under Prince Henry, the Navigator during The Age of Exploration. These explorers traveled many and across wide areas. This is the time when sailors depended on portolan charts which only showed coastlines near land.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Age of Exploration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This implies that earlier explorers never had the opportunities of sailing away from the coastlines. However, Portuguese explor ers moved further â€Å"into the sea and discovered island like the Azores in 1427†.4 Portuguese explorers also had interests in West Africa, but they needed alternative routes so as to avoid the Sahara Desert. Christopher Columbus was also famous during the Age of Exploration. Columbus’ interest was in establishing a trade route to Far East through trade routes in the west. The voyage landed him in America in 1492. Columbus shared the information with the rest of European nations. Pedro Cabral of Portugal followed and explored Brazil. This set the conflict between Portugal and Spain in claiming the new land and led to the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494.5 There were also Captain Cook that went to Alaska mapping new areas and Ferdinand Magellan who tried to go â€Å"around the world in his attempts to establish trade route to Asia from the Northwest Passage†.6 The diminishing of the Age of Exploration The Age of Discovery came to an end during the early periods of 17th century. This was the period after increased technological discoveries and easy navigation by Europeans across the globe. Traders established settlements along the coasts of newly discovered areas. This allowed for smooth trade and communication and marked the end of looking for trade routes. Kidner and others note: â€Å"Though the Age of Exploration ended in the 17th century, it did not stop completely during this time†.7 There were some areas that remained unexplored. These included Africa, some parts of Asia, eastern Australia, Antarctic, and Arctic. The Importance of the Age of Exploration to Geography Most of the explorations took place in efforts to find and establish new trade routes. However, the impacts of explorations affected geography significantly. Explorers who traveled to different destinations around the globe acquired new knowledge about the New World. Consequently, these explorers brought back with them this knowledge to Europe. Explorers also met new people, new land, and new cultures. Such knowledge enlightened Europe about other existing cultures. Later, Europeans wanted to spread their domination to these new people, land, and cultures.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Age of Exploration improved geographical knowledge in areas of mapping and portolan charts. For instance, Prince Henry the Navigator could sail away from the shorelines using a new nautical chart. This enabled the subsequent sailors to travel away from the land. This also resulted into the creation of the nautical map. It was the effort of explorers like Cabral, Columbus, and De Gama that polished the first nautical map. The Age of Exploration improved geographical knowledge significantly. A number of people could study new areas and expand the existing knowledge about geography. Therefore, discoveries of the explorers formed the foundation of modern geography. This period also set the pace for the European colonization and the spread Christianity. Slaves experienced the negative consequences of slavery, such as displacements, wars, starvation, and increased slave trade. Diseases also claimed several lives of slaves. The population of the natives also reduced dramatically as dea th and displacement resulted in a diminishing number of people. Europeans also spread their culture of Christianity to other land and people. This made Christianity the world’s largest religion until today. Christianity became the main strategy of colonization Europeans used to capture new territories and form their colonies.8 Bibliography Casas Las De, Bartolome. Apologetic History of the Indies (1566): Sources of the West, Volume I. Edited by Mark A. Kishlansky New York: Pearson Longman, 2006. Columbus, Christopher. Letter from the First Voyage (1493): Sources of the West, Volume I. Edited by Mark A. Kishlansky. New York: Pearson Longman, 2006. Hugh, Thomas. Rivers of gold: The Rise of the Spanish Empire, from Columbus to Magellan. New York: Random House, 2003. Kidner, Frank et al. â€Å"Europe’s Age of Expansion 1450-1550†. Making Europe, People, Politics, and Culture, Volume I to 1790. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2009. Schneider, Thomas. Brutal journ ey: the epic story of the first crossing of north America. New York, NY: Henry Holt and Co., 2006. Footnotes 1 Thomas Schneider, Brutal journey: the epic story of the first crossing of north America (New York, NY: Henry Holt and Co., 2006), 139 2 Christopher Columbus, Letter from the First Voyage (1493): Sources of the West, Volume I, ed. Mark A. Kishlansky (New York: Pearson Longman, 2006), 244-247. 3 Bartolome Casas Las De, Apologetic History of the Indies (1566): Sources of the West, Volume I, ed. Mark A. Kishlansky (New York: Pearson Longman, 2006), 251-255. 4 Thomas Hugh, Rivers of gold: The Rise of the Spanish Empire, from Columbus to Magellan (New York: Random House, 2003), 280-289. 5 See note 1 above 6 See note 4 above 7 Frank Kidner et al, â€Å"Europe’s Age of Expansion 1450-1550†. Making Europe, People, Politics, and Culture, Volume I to 1790 (New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2009), 348-379. 8 See note 7 above This essay on The Age of Exploration was written and submitted by user Myla Sampson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

buy custom Obesity essay

buy custom Obesity essay Obesity commonly reported lifestyle disorder that is said to have no cure. This is a chronic condition that is caused by excessive body fat. It is possible to acquire this disease when you gain a lot of unnecessary weight, and then you are unable to burn the same amount of calories earned. There are definitely very many causes of this particular disease that occur both in children, and in adults. Well, the body needs a particular amount of fat in the body in order to function normally, and this also varies with individuals. In women, the quantity of fat should be between 25% and 30%. In men, the quantity should be between 18% and 23% .With these average figures, then a man with over 25% and a woman with over 30% is considered to be obese (Heymsfield et al. 525). Again, from the current research, at least a third of the total American population is obese or overweight. There have been enormous conflicting views from popular scholarly journals on whether obesity should be considered to be a disease. There has not been any valid prove to support any of the arguments that have been proposed. Although obesity is not the only public health problem, it would be wrong to label it as a disease from the traditional point of view, because it does not meet the reasonable criteria for such diseases. This disorder is a serious health dilemma that is directly harmful to ones health. For instance, in America, 300,000 deaths occur per year with the major cause being obesity. When an individual is suffering from this disorder, they are exposed to greater chances of being infected by a number of chronic diseases. These include the Insulin resistance, Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart attack, cancer, among others (Manson et al. 885). The fat cells in the body are mainly responsible for the insulin resistance more than the muscle cells, and this is why this is a major cause of obesity. The insulin resistance state can always last for s many years, and when the pancrease is no longer able to produce the high levels of insulin, the blood glucose levels begin to rise, which finally results to type 2 diabetes. From the medical report, it is also evident that, during the period when there is insulin resistance, there will also be the hardening of the arteries, which is also a complication of this disease. Among the older obese individuals, the common complications that they suffer from are High blood pressure, heart attack, and cancer issues. As the body weight increases among the women, so does their risk of their blood pressure. The report also showed that the risk is greater in women than in men. The same case applies to women whose BMI is greater than 29. These individuals suffer a great risk of undergoing death from the coronary heart disease (Williamson et al. 178). With the first heart attack, there is increased risk of a preceding one to occur if obesity is the underlying disorder. Obesity is also associated with posing a great risk to cancer infection. It is linked to causing colon cancer in both men and women. Due to estrogen increase in the blood stream, the women are also at greater risk of being infected with breast cancer, especially in their postmenopausal stages. At present, it is clear than apart from overeating and physical inactivity, there are several other underlying factors that contribute to obesity. One of these factors is the genetic component. If one or more parents have the history of being obese, then an individual will stand the chance of having their hormones being infected, and tamper with the fat regulation. Foods that are high in fat and sugars have been known to have a high fat content, hence contribute to great weight gain (Droyvold et al. 340). A diet that has excessive carbohydrate levels will in turn lead to increased glucose levels that stimulate the insulin release by the pancreases. This process eventually leads to the growth of fat tissues, which causse weight gain. The reason why more women are at the risk of being obese is the fact that, they have fewer muscles than the men. For this particular reason, they have slower metabolic rates than men, and in the same manner, weight loss is more difficult. People lose their muscles as they progress in age, and their metabolic levels slow down. This happens more often if an individual does not reduce their caloric intake. In the hopes of reaching the average body weights, the individuals may be forced to adapt a strenuous diet. After some time, there might be some remarkable weight loss recognized, but it usually returns quickly (Yuker and Allison 250). This is why a more lasting solution to treat obesity should be not being administered in short-term basis, but it should be an ongoing life-long process. Individuals should not attach more meaning to gaining an ideal weight as a way of treating obesity, but the overall goal should be to reach and maintain a healthier weight, for a longer time. Scientists have made efforts of improving the medication and treatment of this disorder (Heymsfield et al. 557). Their main target is to have a better and safer way to deal with this problem. At the moment, there is no proven treatment for obesity that is considered to be instant, but it is rather a gradual process. This is achieved by a long-life of proper diet and regular exercise. Medication is given to those patients whose risk of having obesity is greater than the potential side of healing safely. In conclusion, it is important for every individual to try and maintain their ideal body weight by balancing their food consumption and calories needed by their body. The health of a person is determined by what they eat, hence, it is important to keep checking the amounts and quality of foods that one eats. This habit should be practiced in all age groups to prevent the occurrence of obesity and its complications among the citizens. Buy custom Obesity essay

History Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

History Final - Essay Example The Germans made an alliance with Australia while Belgium and Netherlands were neutral.UK alleged protection for Belgium. German declared war since it did not like the encirclement from the Russia and France. War communed when Serbia was fired from the Hungarian moved against Serbia while German helping them, Russia rose to defend the slave. The war began against Serbia by Austria- hungaria.This made Russia o come to defend the Serbia of which they invited their ally France to assist with the war German colluded with Belgium and France then moved to Russia. Paris was then evacuated in France causing the French warfare to start. This British were therefore killed by the French US in war.US entered in war in 6 April 1917 when German put a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare. This was threatening America’s commercial shipping and they had to fight against these policies. The Second World War was as a result of the rise of dictatorial, military regimes in Germany, Japan and Italy, an occurrence arising from the Great Depression that was present in the world in the early 1930s. This part will examine the occurrence of the Second World War. The American depression produced effects especially in Europe. Germany had an economic disaster that resulted into social displacement. This made Hitler to rise. When the League failed to stop the second Japanese war in 1931, there were treaty violations. Hitler recreated German army in 1933 to prepare for war. In 1936 Hitler regrouped the Rhineland. Between 1935 and 1936 Mussolini won Ethiopia for Italy. From 1936 to 1939 the Spanish war started. Germany and Italy assisted the forces of Francisco to win the victory. â€Å"In 1938, Germany annexed Austria, and in September1938, the British and French policy of conciliation toward the Axis reached its height with the sacrifice of much of Czechoslovakia to Germany in the Munich Pact†. (Anonymous) In 1939, Germany engaged all of Czechoslovakia while Italy

My Gift of Authenticity as a Lead Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

My Gift of Authenticity as a Lead - Essay Example Hutchison claims that living theory is an embodiment in researching for authenticity leader. In this method, Hutchison has made use of autobiographical narrative to develop real-life experiences. Hutchison says that one of the most important exercises in his research was to write his autobiography. Through this, he says he wrote himself out of all explanatory stories in his life and how he became a leader. In addition, he says that it is the values more than anything else that made him rise as a leader. In his project, Hutchison says that he uses multimedia because it makes him use words as well as other aspects that embody his values. The use of multimedia ensures that leaders are relational and do not get fixed to formal representation. Hutchison also claims that the use of multimedia helps in developing an epistemology that is relevant to authentic leadership. Moreover, he argues that multimedia increases his learning capabilities as well as improving his practice of leadership. Hutchison says that everyone has his gift. He says that his gift is an authentic leader and that why he devotes his time researching and finding ways in which he can help other develop the gift of authentic leadership. He started working not knowing that he will be an authentic leader, but he passionately loved his career. Hutchison worked as a community caregiver to young people out of employment and who had addiction problems. For this reason, it is through this journey of his career up being the leader of a Carer’s Centre that he narrates to demonstrate that each and every person has his or her gift and talent. Hutchison says that his practice as an authentic leader help improves the culture of Carer’s Centre organization. Through authentic leadership, he has developed a living theory of learning and mindfulness (Hutchison, 2012). However, Hutchison attests that his journey has not been easy and in time he felt as if he was contradicting himself.  

Web Two Technologies And Impact On Society Information Technology Essay

Web Two Technologies And Impact On Society Information Technology Essay This paper discusses Web 2.0 technologies and their impact on society. The first section of this paper introduces Web 2.0 technologies and briefly defines them. The next sections discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Web 2.0. Next, the paper discusses the values that Web 2.0 has brought to society. Finally, we make concluding remarks about how Web 2.0 will change over time. Introduction There are many opinions as to where Web 2.0 came from, and how it will impact our lives in the future. At first, many people saw Web 2.0 as a buzzword, but not really a new concept. Web 2.0, as it is considered today, was a result of the dot-com bust in 2001. In 2001, many people began to believe that the web was overrated, and probably would not have many significant implications in the future. However, during the internet shakeout, a few people saw a promising future for web-based technologies. The Web 2.0 conference set out to find the next web technologies (OReilly, 2005). Web 2.0 is changing the way society communicates. The next generation of social networking has created endless opportunities for people to share content. Web 2.0 technologies allow for two-way interaction. Unlike updating a website, posting information about a company on Facebook allows companies to receive feedback about the products and services. The interactive nature of Web 2.0 is one of the many ways that Web 2.0 differentiates itself from Web 1.0 (Bohley, 2010). Web 2.0 allows for constant change in content. One of the best ways to explain these new technologies is through example. The creators of Web 2.0 originally thought of a list of applications that they believed represented the change from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0. The original list is in the following table. Web 1.0 Web 2.0 DoubleClick Google AdSense Ofoto Flickr Akamai BitTorrent Mp3.com Napster Britannica Online Wikipedia Personal websites Blogging Evite Upcoming.org and EVDB Domain name speculation Search engine optimization Page views Cost per click Screen scrapping Web services Publishing Participation Content management systems Wikis Directories (taxonomy) Tagging (folksonomy) Stickiness Syndication Source: OReilly What is Web 2.0 2005. One of the main differences between these Web 2.0 technologies is the way the content changes. Instead of having scheduled updates and maintenance, Web 2.0 is constantly changing the way people see information. For example, a Wiki user has the option of deleting, adding, and modifying information. There is no one that really controls the content on these types of applications. Because there is no one monitoring the content, there is no way of knowing whether or not the information from these sites is correct. However, these mash-up sites create opportunities for people to share content in ways that were not possible before Web 2.0 (OReilly, 2005). DoubleClick, a Web 1.0 technology differs from Googles AdSense, a Web 2.0 technology. One of the main differences between the two applications is how they go about putting ads on the web pages. While DoubleClick boasts over 2,000 implementations, the newer AdSense already has hundreds of thousands of sites to target. Since DoubleClick requires a formal contract, it mainly targets larger websites. Google realized that the bulk of the web was actually comprised of smaller websites. In order to target these smaller websites, the companies needed to find a way to integrate the ads in formats that could reach a broader base of customers. Googles AdSense can place an advertisement on virtually any webpage. The Web 2.0 difference is how applications can take advantage of a different platform in order to serve more customers (OReilly, 2005). From a business standpoint, major companies see Web 2.0 as an opportunity to expand into new markets, and reach out to people who use social networking sites. The challenge now will be for companies to find a way to integrate these technologies into a way that can promote the business. Sites such as Facebook and Twitter can be used as marketing tools, but only if the company knows how to make use of them. While many people understand how to use these popular sites, not many are aware of how to utilize them in a way that attracts customers and grows a business (Gilette, 2010). Companies must also beware that social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter could be used against them. Social networking sites make it easy for customers to post their view of a company on a website. Someone who had a bad experience with a product could tweet about the experience, leaving the company vulnerable to these attacks. A company must pay even more close attention to the customer service aspect of the business in order to ensure that customers are not tempted to say harmful opinions about the company. As an example, a frustrated United Airlines customer wrote a song and posted it to YouTube about how the airline was careless with his luggage and broke his guitar. This is obviously not the kind of publicity that any company wants to have (Gillette, 2010). Web 2.0 requires companies to be more up to date with services and customer feedback. Advantages of Web 2.0 As the internet has become the most convenient and popular medium of communication, Web 2.0, an enhancement of the existing internet, has developed a system in which online users have become participants rather than mere viewers (Advantages and Disadvantages of Web 2.0, 2010). Based upon the interaction with online users, Web 2.0 is becoming more and more popular. Here we discuss some major advantages of Web 2.0 that can be treated as the drivers of its development. Web 2.0 created an advanced communication platform both for public and private use. For public use, it enhances the way people collect information by giving more access to information around the world. It allows the mass population to communicate with each other and spread ideas rather than receiving their information from a specific authority or a single resource. In the Web 2.0 environment, the information can flow freely and people can express their opinions without fear of repercussions. For example, Google Documents facilitates group work on projects by allowing members to create, share and update documents to the same page and combine all the thoughts from different members at the same time. For private use, Web 2.0 helps to meet the personal needs of users for creating and sharing private information from limited users. Web 2.0 actually makes the internet more personalized by allowing each individual to have information that is tailored to their needs and interests (Advantages and Disadvantages of Web 2.0, 2010). For instance, the Gmail phone offers users the ability to enjoy free and fast online communications dedicated to traditional physical devices such as telephones and cell-phones. Web 2.0 provides a compatible interface that enables a single user to use different applications at the same time easily. Hence, we can say that Web 2.0 is actually establishing a true democratic digital system in the world of the internet (MacDonald, 2009). That is also why Facebook and Twitter have become so popular right now; they enable users to create their own online personal space in which they can make or search friends, and update their personal information. Web 2.0 also takes accessibility to the next step by letting users have the power to determine how much of their content they wish to share and in what ways. Web 2.0 lets users choose if they wish to upload content using audio, video, or text files. People can even use Facebook to arrange a date, a social party such as Halloween or any group activities happening in their social network. Users are enjoying sharing their stories and daily feelings on Facebook and Twitter instead of staying alone at home to watch television . Moreover, for some big companies such as Saleforces.com, the Web 2.0 community and social networking sites are the best places to share the success stories, efficient knowledge worker collaboration, employee satisfaction, and clients success (Therwanger, 2010). Web 2.0 facilitates people to get better access to information they need. In the environment of Web 2.0, people will be able to get better information about things happening throughout the world from multiple resources by getting rid of the limitation of government controlled media. Online web users can easily accomplish searching and recording information they need for the accumulation of their personal knowledge, which helps them make better decisions. RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feeds are a good example of Web 2.0 applications that help people collect the most information from the resources links they have signed up for simultaneously. People can look up the news in which they are interested in the same interface without opening multiple websites and going around different pages. Such immediate information cannot be achieved by any other means. Web 2.0 also promotes the positive business model changes in enterprises. Redaktion points out seven core benefits of Web 2.0 for businesses: 1) Core enterprise applications will become more effective through the incorporation of Web 2.0 technologies. 2) Next-generation Web platforms can be highly efficient in overall procurement and sales strategies. 3) Lessons from Web 2.0 community and social networking success stories can be leveraged within the enterprise for more efficient knowledge worker collaboration and overall employee satisfaction. 4) Semantic tagging technologies can greatly increase the navigation of internal and external information overload and increase information-based product consumption and use. 5) Web 2.0 communities can be used for new product feedback, shortening the product development time and targeting valuable marketing resources. 6) Targeting bloggers and other influential Web users can help to control an organizations image and influence publicity for the positive 7) Making Web-based marketing the norm, rather than the exception, will help optimize overall marketing spend (Redaktion, 2006). Web 2.0 promotes the development of E-Commerce. E-commerce is one of the boons of Web 2.0 innovations that have made shopping a much more simple and efficient experience on the internet (Jones, 2010). Its biggest advantage is that the providers of online services and products can offer better customer service and better interaction with their customers. Web 2.0 increases the effectiveness of marketing. Online retailers earn the benefit of marketing by communicating immediately with a prospective buyer and provide all the information and clarifications that he or she needs. For example, many of online retailing websites have applied the Web 2.0 applications such as video catalogues, instant calling options and instant message services. With the advancement of internet technology, it has become easy to display products through video coverage on the website. The video coverage can also be added in the description page with the help of websites such as YouTube.com or Photobucket.com. In such a way, the responses from the consumer side can be increased dramatically. Disadvantages of Web 2.0 Although Web 2.0 has several advantages to society, there are some disadvantages. These disadvantages include several concerns amongst users. First, companies are unsure how to use the data. Secondly, there are privacy concerns with personal information out on the web. Third, Web 2.0 content is not always reliable information because anyone can update it. Fourth, Web 2.0 is seen as a security threat to many company managers. These disadvantages are discussed in more detail below. First, companies are not entirely sure how to use these technologies in a way that benefits their business. For example, a company might decide to have a blog or a comment section added to its website. However, without careful monitoring, this could easily become an easy way for frustrated customers to express their feelings. For example, Dell opened a blog on its website in 2006, and employees found that most of the comments on the blog were negative feelings towards the company. While it did allow Dell to quickly find out what its customers concerns were, it could harm business if potential customers are only reading negative feedback about the company (Vernon, 2007). Another concern with Web 2.0 is personal privacy, especially with children. As a parent, Facebook, MySpace, and Twitter can be worrisome. When a child goes online, it is easy for them to go to these social networking sites and give out personal information about themselves and their families. Many children do not realize how dangerous the web can be, and how many people can access the information that they put online. There are several cases in which adopted children have been stalked by their birth parents that used Facebook to find them. Most adoptive parents want communication to be through a social worker or other intermediary, and worry about the childs birth parents having unwanted communication with their child. This is becoming a growing concern for parents of adopted children as Web 2.0 social networking applications such as Facebook makes it easier than ever to find information about people. Families find themselves in a difficult situation when it is hard to monitor their childs internet activity and contact with birth parents. This has been a controversy for both birth and adoptive parents (Macdonald, 2010). Additionally, Web 2.0 content is not a reliable source of information. Web 2.0 allows anyone to be in charge of the content. For example, Wikipedia is an online site that allows anyone to add information or take information out of each page. While this may be a good way to encourage data collaboration, this makes it difficult to monitor the quality of the content presented in the wiki. Consequently, Web 2.0 sites are not a reliable form of information. There is no way to be able to tell whether or not someone has made up the content or actually used legitimate sources. Even on social networking sites such as Myspace, it is estimated that forty percent of the content is untrue information about the person. While these sites are able to guess how much of the content is not correct, it is impossible to know what information is accurate (Vernon, 2007). Web 2.0 also poses a security problem for a companys most valuable information. While there have always been problems with viruses on computers, Web 2.0 allows for even more opportunities for hackers. This has become even more apparent as companies have noticed an increased number of worms that have been attacking company data. One survey found that security threats were a concern of nearly fifty-two percent of executives surveyed when asked about whether or not they would want their employees using Web 2.0 applications. Many companies feel that if they allow their employees to use Web 2.0 technologies at work, they may be putting the companys secure data at risk (Watson, 2008). The disadvantages to Web 2.0 show that it is important to realize that not all new technologies have positive effects on society. Web 2.0 brings to light a host of new problems that many people have not had to worry about in the past. Knowing that there are some problems with Web 2.0, it is important for users to be aware of what could happen if content is posted online using one of these applications. It is important to realize that any information that is posted to the internet using a Web 2.0 application is available somewhere for someone to see and that this data is not as secure as many would initially think. Value of Web 2.0 Web 2.0 certainly has dramatically changed the way we use the internet today and is revolutionary in the way web developers and web companies make their websites. Its responsiveness and ability to create social and collaborative web environments has made Web 2.0 an important development for the internet. One important question that arises from the development of Web 2.0 is what values do Web 2.0 technologies bring to businesses, communities and our society. Web 2.0 has had a major impact on all three of these groups which results in major impacts on our daily lives. The major implication of Web 2.0 technologies on our society is that our human society is merging with a network of computers (Nations, 2010). We used to just use the internet as a tool for information for anything we needed, such as sports, entertainment, academics, etc. Web 2.0s interactive capabilities and enormous network have made it almost an imperative to be connected in this network for various social reasons. It is almost like we have both a human state of being and a network being at the same time. With our dependence (or possibly addiction) on this technology, these networks are becoming a necessity in other technologies like cell phone applications and smaller laptops. Whether or not this is a positive impact on society is debatable. Certainly proponents of technology and innovation support Web 2.0 technologies as an improvement in communications around the world. Opponents do not seem to be as strong in their stance, but there are those that argue that peoples privacy is at risk and that Web 2.0 is another tool for western globalism. Anybody who watches the news witnessed the major impact Web 2.0 can have on societies in the last couple of years. The 2009 presidential election in Iran that resulted in the re-election of Mahmoud Ahmandinejad sparked in a fury of protests and riots that shook the nation to its core. The reason for the protests was the widespread feeling that the election was corrupt and Ahmandinejad was not the real winner of the election. In Iran, an Islamic republic, protestors are often treated with contempt from the police, the military and the government. Although it is called a republic, the nation is governed by a supreme leader (The Office of the Supreme Leader, Sayyid Ali Khamenei, 2010). It is thought by many that the elections in Iran are fixed and go to the candidate favored by Khamenei. Web 2.0 became a great opportunity for these protestors to show the rest of the world the injustice that was going on in their country (Weaver, 2010). The protestors posted photos, videos and blogs on s ites such as Facebook and Twitter, which gave the rest of the world a glimpse into what was happening in Iran. People from around the world saw this protest, saw the police response and became sympathetic to the cause of the protestors. Although Ahmandinejad has yet to step down as President of Iran, the protestors got the attention and sympathy of the rest of the world and have weakened diplomatic power for the Iranian rulers. This could have a major impact on their society as they try to move their society towards a secular democracy rather than an Islamic fundamentalist nation. Web 2.0 has become a necessity in the business world in many ways and has even impacted the way our government performs its duties. In todays world, businesses certainly have to keep up with what is going on with Web 2.0 in order to compete in the market. Many businesses now have Facebook pages and Twitter accounts so they can market to consumers and to do market research on these social networks. Also, businesses use this technology to improve information flows and knowledge management on technologies like wikis or blogs (Schneckenberg, 2009). This can have positive impacts on the business as well as increasing networking opportunities for co-workers. As mentioned earlier, our government is also getting involved with social network technologies. The Department of Defense is using technologies such as blogging, wikis, and RSS feeds among others in order to share knowledge with the military and intelligence agencies (Web 2.0 Guidance Forum, 2010). Using this technology gives us a possible upgrade in security in our country as well as major advantages for us overseas. Web 2.0s impact on our government does not end with bureaucracies. Politicians are using these technologies more and more to give them an edge with their constituents for elections (Hoffman, 2008). One politician who was able to effectively use Web 2.0 technologies was Barack Obama, who used Facebook and Meetup to connect with voters. With the growth of Web 2.0 networks, the importance of this technology on our nations political process will also grow and have long-term impacts on how our society views candidates and their legislative ideas. Certainly, if Web 2.0 is having major impacts on our societys business and governmental entities, Web 2.0 is going to impact our lives in some way daily. Conclusion Web 2.0 is vastly changing the way information is spread throughout the world. Like any technology, there are both advantages and disadvantages of using it. Web 2.0 can be used to help promote a companys business, but it can also be a means for customers to complain about the companys service. Web 2.0 allows for a faster way of spreading information in the form of Twitter and Facebook, but these sites also raise privacy concerns. Web 2.0 allows for more opportunities for people to share information on the internet. More peoples opinions will be online, and there is no way of guaranteeing what others will do with this information. As we mentioned, there have been some problems with adoptive parents finding out that their children are talking to their birth parents without their consent. These types of problems will continue to rise in the future. Web 2.0 will ultimately grow and continue to impact our lives. Web 2.0 has brought many values to our society. For example, President Barack Obama was able to use Facebook to communicate with potential voters. Web 2.0 certainly had an impact on the support he was able to obtain throughout the presidential election. Politicians will eventually need to further utilize these technologies in order to gain a competitive edge in elections. Web 2.0 also facilitated the fast spread of information about the corruption associated with the Iranian elections. Web 2.0 will continue to affect important issues like this in the future.

Is Parliamentarism Conducive to Better Political Outcomes Than Presidential Systems? Essay

Is Parliamentarism conducive to better political outcomes than Presidential systems? My interpretation of the question leads me to believe if parliamentary systems are better than presidential systems in deriving better political outcomes. By better political outcomes this implies not only ease of making political decisions but also the manner in which the two systems function and which is better, and whether or not this leads to favourable political outcomes. Issues that I am going to discuss in this essay are going to include the functionality of both systems, the differences between the two systems and whether or not the system provides and facilitates good political outcomes. According to Bagehot â€Å"a Presidential system endows the incumbent with both the ceremonial functions of a head of state and the effective functions of a chief executive.†(Bagehot) In a Presidential system the executive branch exists and resides outside of the legislature. The executive branch does not purpose legislature but have the power to veto them. â€Å"The president has a fixed term in government and it is usually a difficult process trying to eliminate the president.†(Verney) The executive branch controls their cabinet and does not members of the cabinet serve at their will, this means the President can hire or fire anyone from the cabinet. According to Verney â€Å"Parliamentary system, consists of the head of government that are dependent on the confidence of the legislature and can be dismissed by a legislative vote of no confidence.†(Verney) There are two main types of parliamentary democracy which consist of the ‘Westminster system’ and the ‘Consensus system’ but there is also a hybrid of the presidential and parliamentary system which is called the semi-presidential system. The Westminster system derives from the UK and can be found in many of Britain’s ex-colonies such as India and Canada. The Westminster system tends to be a more adversarial style of debating. The consensus system can be found in Germany and Spain and tends to be more consensus style of debating system. Firstly, legislation is always a key factor to answering the question as to which of the following systems is conducive to better political outcomes. Linz argues that â€Å"in a Presidential system both Legislature and the executive can claim legitimacy since both drive their power from the votes of the people in free competition among well-defined alternatives, a conflict is always possible.†(Linz)This occurs because a Presidential system adopts the separation of powers format. Presidential systems usually but not exclusively reside in Federal countries. This allows for a separation of powers between the legislature and executive. This separation can be looked at in different forms, some advantageous and hinders to political outcomes. For example an advantage of having the separation of powers in the Presidential system is that it does not create a dictatorship type of government. The separation of powers means that in the Presidential system the executive as well as the legi slature are can both claim legitimacy, which in turn means that they can both cancel each other out. Presidents cannot impose laws and legislature cannot interfere with presidential powers. In the United States there is a supreme court that decides whether or not the legislature or the President are acting unconstitutional and thus act as a referee in the debating between the two factions of government. The presidential system is seen to be more democratic because of the conflict between the two factions of government. The congress in the US represent the different views of the people in different states and the president represents the US as a whole thus a conflict between the two bodies shows a more democratic process. The Presidential system also has fixed term elections, this is a key argument used by pro-presidential academics, and Horowitz argues that fixed term elections leads to better democratic outcomes. The reason for this thinking is because, â€Å"Fixed terms does not produce winner takes all outcomes as there is conflict between legislature and executive.†(Horowitz) A fixed term also links into the previous mentioned point about reducing the chances of an elective dictatorship as there would eventually have to be a set date for an election and thus if either the executive or the legislature has proven to be unpopular they would get voted out of office. However there are disadvantages to the presidential system in terms of fixed terms and conflicts with legislature. One key disadvantage is that the conflict between the president and the legislature produce political gridlock within the system, â€Å"the separation of powers of a presidential system frequently creates undesirable and long-term political gridlock and political instability whenever the president and the legislative majority are from different parties.†(Linz) Linz â€Å"argues that this inherent political instability can cause democracies to fail, as seen in such cases as Brazil and Chile.†Linz believed that political gridlock can prove to be costly in the forging of governments because it hinders the speed and decisiveness of democracy and thus cause democracies to fail like he mentioned in South America. Also a separation of powers in the presidential system leads both the president and the legislature to become less accountable. Both the executive and the legislature can shift blame upon each other and thus leads to less accountability come election time to the vote rs. Parliamentary systems on the other hand have their government intertwined with the legislature and government is formed form the legislature. In the UK, the Westminster model forms government form the winning party in parliament. So in a parliamentary system there is no separation of powers. The advantages of this are that it reduces the likeliness of political gridlock. Linz argues that â€Å"Parliamentarism imparts flexibility to the political process, presidential makes it rigid.†(Linz). As the government would expect to have backing from their party they have the ability to pass through legislations quicker with less hassle than a presidential system may incur. This is an advantage over the presidential system the executive is often chosen independently from the legislature. If the executive and legislature in such a system include members entirely or predominantly from different political parties, then stalemate can occur. In this form it can be said that Parliamentarism is conductive to better political outcomes than the presidential system. The passing of legislature is an important task for any government as it shows strength and can make or break a government’s reputation. In respect to this I feel that the presidential system may be lacking in terms of being able to pass legislation as it may not be able to react quick enough to changing events or situations, this is where a parliamentary system seems to be more adequate, however a parliamentary system could become gridlocked if there is a minority government with low discipline so the element f political gridlock is not only exclusive to Presidential systems. However the issue of legitimacy in the Presidential systems has the ability to cause numerous problems in the terms of legislation passing. But it can also be argued in the case for support of the Presidential system it can be argued that Prime ministers are constrained to the need of The House of Commons and thus do not act as fast as expected. An example of this is taken from John F. Kennedy work where he states, â€Å"Stanley Baldwin and Neville Chamberlain were constrained by the need to maintain the confidence of the Commons.†(Kenned y) In the need for confronting German military build up before the outbreak of the Second World War. Another issue to contend with is how the governments are elected. In a Parliamentary system, the government is elected through the party system and thus the winning party forms government through having a simple majority in the parliament. In the presidential system, the executive is elected by the public and is directly elected. This difference between the two systems is seen in both an advantage and disadvantages. In a presidential system Voters know who they are voting for and accountability resides within the President. Horowitz states â€Å"Voters have a clear choice of Ideology to pick from.†(Horowitz) This means that there is no only the one straight choice and thus it is clear to voters who they are picking and what type of ideology this is going to represent. However a disadvantage of this is that direct election creates a zero-sum game. This is that there is only one winner and all other votes do not amount to anything and thus no coalition can be made with the oppos ition. This is seen has undemocratic and a hindrance to better political outcomes. An example of this is seen with the Bush vs. Gore election of 2000, where Bush won the election by 271 to 266. In such a close competition, where arguably almost half of the country voted against him. It seems undemocratic to have Bush becoming the President; this can lead to the polarisation of politics within that country. This is because when a president wins an election he is the head of state as well as the representative of a nation but he stands for a clearly partisan political option. But Presidential system has one up on its parliamentary counterpart as the â€Å"voters know and are in control of who they are voting for to be president, while in a parliamentary system voters vote for their constituent MP and the party decides who is Prime minister,† (Riggs) this can be seen as hindering democracy and could not be conductive to better political outcomes. However the Parliamentary system can be an advantage because it leads to power sharing and coalitions, thus it is argued makes politics more representative. An example of this is mentioned by Lijphart, â€Å"Parliamentarianism has attractive features for nations that are ethnically, racially, or ideologically divid ed. In a unipersonal presidential system, all executive power is concentrated in the president. In a parliamentary system, with a collegial executive, power is more divided. In the 1989 Lebanese Taif Agreement, in order to give Muslims greater political power, Lebanon moved from a semi-presidential system with a strong president to a system more structurally similar to classical parliamentarianism.†(Lijphart) However it can be argued that a parliamentary form of government leads to the personalisation of power by the prime minister or an ethnic group in the country. As there is no fixed terms is in the Parliamentary style of government it is argued that if a prime minister was to get voted in with a large majority, with the whip system in place, where all party members will obey the party line the government is capable of introducing any legislature, without any issue. This can be seen as being undemocratic as it would lead to an elected dictatorship. This was the case in Nigeria during the 1960s, â€Å"Under the Westminster model, during the 1960s, groups in the North managed to secure a majority in Parliament and began to seize power and excluded everyone else from power. This lead to an ethnic authoritarian rule of the country, and was the main factor for the Nigerian Biafrican War and countless military coups.†(Horowitz) This shows that Parliamentarism is just as harmful as presidential system in stifling democracy. Horowitz makes the comment â€Å"It is possible that Presidential systems helped stifle democracy in Latin America, Parliamentary systems have helped stifle democracy in Africa.†(Horowitz) To conclude, the Presidential system has its advantages to conducive a better political outcome, such as having fixed terms, direct elections and separations of power however these advantages can also act as disadvantages when viewed in another way. The parliamentary system too has its advantages to creating a better political outcomes, its advantages such as likeliness of coalition, being supposedly more representative and being more responsive in creating a stronger government also can be seen as a disadvantage when looked at in a different light. Dahl states â€Å"claims that parliamentarianism is less prone to authoritarian collapse. These scholars point out that since World War II, two-thirds of Third World countries establishing parliamentary governments successfully made the transition to democracy. By contrast, no Third World presidential system successfully made the transition to democracy without experiencing coups and other constitutional breakdowns.† This in effect argues the point that parliamentary systems have been more successful in terms of having peaceful transition from colonialism to democracy but although presidential system may not have had a successful transition to democracy but parliamentary system has not had a 100% success rate and thus we cannot say for definite if it is better than presidential system we can only assume. My research in this essay has led me to believe that the both system are conducive to better political outcomes in their own way, theoretically they are both capable of producing democratically stable countries and environments with better political outcomes, however in practice this is not always the case and thus I feel that my research has led me to be inconclusive and i have to sit on the fence when trying to realise which one cre ates a better system. Bibliography Bagehot W, (1867) The English Constitution, MacMaster University Dahl, R (1989) Democracy and Its Critics- – Yale University Press Horowitz, Donald L. (1990) Comparing Democratic Systems- The Johns Hopkins University Press Kennedy. John F. (1940)- Why England Slept?, Macmillan Lijphart, Arend (1999). Patterns of democracy. New Haven: Yale University Press. Linz, Juan J. The Perils of Presidentialism – The Johns Hopkins University Press Riggs, Fred. (1988) The Survival of Presidentialism in America International Political Science Review Verney

Overview of Ames Test

The AMES test also known as bacteria reversed mutation assay is used to evaluate the mutagenic properties of test articles. The test was first developed by Bruce Ames in 1974 (Krebsfaenger). The amino acid dependent strain of S. typhimurium and E. coli are used in this experiment where in the absence of the external histidine source, the cells cannot grow to form colonies. Specifically these strains of Salmonella are defective in 1. ) Repair of mutations (uvrB) and 2. A rfa mutation (eliminating a portion of lipolysaccharide (a coating of outer bacterial surface)). The rfa mutation here fulfills two purposes: 1. ) Helps Salmonella in growing in presence of sodium desoxycholate or crystal violet. and 2. ) Increases the cell permeability allowing more mutagen to enter the cell. The lack of uvrB gene in the decreases the rate of repair mechanism of mutations occurring resulting in the increased incidences of occurring mutations. These auxotrophic strain cannot grow on the media without histidine and biotine (due to uvrB).If these organisms are allowed to grow on the media lacking both of these, the strain get converted to prototroph resulting the organisms to grow on the mutagenic chemicals to be tested in the media. If the chemical being tested is mutagenic, the organisms will grow as some substance are capable of causing mutations in the cells at same site or at nearby sites resulting in restoring gene's function and these mutations in the cells can revert back the gene regaining its function (Tejs).These revertant cells are then able to grow on the media which does not contain histdine as it can now synthesize histidine on its own. This mutation causes the cells to divide continuously. If there is no further mutation occurring in the cell, the cells will die out like normal cell. But if any further mutation occurs which allows the cells to grow for many generations, then the cancerous cells will be formed. The principle of Ames test is specifically based on the hypothesis that any substance that is mutagenic for the bacteria used in this test may also turn out to be carcinogenic (compound causing cancer).The most important limiting points of the Ames test includes first an assumption that though Ames test is being tested on prokaryotic microorganisms, it will detect the mutagens or cancer causing agents in human beings. (Though this test uses rat liver enzymes, Ames test is not able to serve the perfect model for human beings. ) Secondly, mutagens found by this test might not be carcinogenic i. e. further test may be required. also all carcinogens are not mutagens ( i. e. Ames test is unable to find such agents eg: asbestos).Third, some nitrate containing compounds lie nitroglycerine can cause false positive production by producing nitric oxide. ? Works Cited 1. Krebsfaenger, Niels. â€Å"AMES TEST: Bacterial Reversed Mutation Assay. † Genpharmtox, Assay Sheet AMES TEST. Gen Pharm Tox, n. d. Web. 21 Nov 2012. . 2. Tejs, Sebastian. â€Å"The Ames Test: A methodological Short Review. † Environmental Biotechnology. Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, n. d. Web. 27 Nov 2012. . 3.

Pasar Conjugation in Spanish, Translation and Examples

The Spanish verb pasar  is often translated to English as its cognate to pass. Pasar  is a regular  -ar  verb, like  ayudar,  tratar  or  parar. This article includes  pasar  conjugations  in the present, past and future indicative, the present and past subjunctive, as well as the imperative and other verb forms. In Spanish, pasar  has many different meanings and uses. One of the most common uses is to say to occur or to happen. For example, if you wanted to say What happened? in Spanish, you would say  ¿Quà © pasà ³? Pasar Present Indicative Yo paso I pass Yo paso por tu casa todos los das. T pasas You pass T pasas la sal durante la cena. Usted/l/ella pasa You/he/she passes Ella pasa mucho tiempo estudiando. Nosotros pasamos We pass Nosotros pasamos la frontera en carro. Vosotros pasis You pass Vosotros pasis tres semforos en el camino. Ustedes/ellos/ellas pasan You/they pass Ellos pasan hambre durante la guerra. Pasar Preterite  Indicative There are two forms of the past tense  in Spanish, the preterite and the imperfect. The preterite is usually translated to English as the simple past, and it is used to talk about completed or punctual events in the past. Notice that the last vowels of the  yo  and  usted/à ©l/ella  forms in the preterite carry  an accent mark. Yo pas I passed Yo pas por tu casa todos los das. T pasaste You passed T pasaste la sal durante la cena. Usted/l/ella pas You/he/she passed Ella pas mucho tiempo estudiando. Nosotros pasamos We passed Nosotros pasamos la frontera en carro. Vosotros pasasteis You passed Vosotros pasasteis tres semforos en el camino. Ustedes/ellos/ellas pasaron You/they passed Ellos pasaron hambre durante la guerra. Pasar Imperfect  Indicative The imperfect tense can be translated to English as was passing or used to pass.  It is used to talk about background events, ongoing or habitual actions in the past.   Yo pasaba I used to pass Yo pasaba por tu casa todos los das. T pasabas You used to pass T pasabas la sal durante la cena. Usted/l/ella pasaba You/he/she used to pass Ella pasaba mucho tiempo estudiando. Nosotros pasbamos We used to pass Nosotros pasbamos la frontera en carro. Vosotros pasabais You used to pass Vosotros pasabais tres semforos en el camino. Ustedes/ellos/ellas pasaban You/they used to pass Ellos pasaban hambre durante la guerra. Pasar Future  Indicative Yo pasar I will pass Yo pasar por tu casa todos los das. T pasars You will pass T pasars la sal durante la cena. Usted/l/ella pasar You/he/she will pass Ella pasar mucho tiempo estudiando. Nosotros pasaremos We will pass Nosotros pasaremos la frontera en carro. Vosotros pasaris You will pass Vosotros pasaris tres semforos en el camino. Ustedes/ellos/ellas pasarn You/they will pass Ellos pasarn hambre durante la guerra. Pasar Periphrastic Future  Indicative Yo voy a pasar I am going to pass Yo voy a pasar por tu casa todos los das. T vas a pasar You are going to pass T vas a pasar la sal durante la cena. Usted/l/ella va a pasar You/he/she is going to pass Ella va a pasar mucho tiempo estudiando. Nosotros vamos a pasar We are going to pass Nosotros vamos a pasar la frontera en carro. Vosotros vais a pasar You are going to pass Vosotros vais a pasar tres semforos en el camino. Ustedes/ellos/ellas van a pasar You/they are going to pass Ellos van a pasar hambre durante la guerra. Pasar Conditional  Indicative The conditional  tense can be used to talk about possibilities or conjectures, or about things that would happen. The à ­ in the conditional endings always carries an accent mark. Yo pasara I would pass Yo pasara por tu casa todos los das si tomara otro camino. T pasaras You would pass T pasaras la sal durante la cena si le hiciera falta sal a la comida. Usted/l/ella pasara You/he/she would pass Ella pasara mucho tiempo estudiando si quisiera mejorar sus notas. Nosotros pasaramos We would pass Nosotros pasaramos la frontera en carro si no fuera peligroso. Vosotros pasarais You would pass Vosotros pasarais tres semforos en el camino si vinierais por esta ruta. Ustedes/ellos/ellas pasaran You/they would pass Ellos pasaran hambre durante la guerra, pero estn recibiendo ayuda. Pasar Present Progressive/Gerund Form For regular -ar verbs, the present participle or gerund  is formed with the ending  -ando. This verb form can be used as an adverb or  to form  progressive tenses, such as the present progressive. Present Progressive of Pasar està ¡ pasando  She is passing   Ella està ¡ pasando mucho tiempo estudiando. Pasar Past Participle For regular -ar  verbs, the past participle is formed with the ending  -ado.  This verb form can be used as an adjective or  with an auxiliary verb to form compound tenses  like  the present perfect.   Present Perfect of Pasar ha pasado  She  has passed Ella ha pasado mucho tiempo estudiando. Pasar Present Subjunctive The subjunctive mood  can be  used to talk about emotions, doubts, desires, possibilities, and other subjective situations.   Que yo pase That I pass Tu hermano quiere que yo pase por tu casa todos los das. Que t pases That you pass Tu madre pide que t pases la sal durante la cena. Que usted/l/ella pase That you/he/she pass La maestra espera que ella pase mucho tiempo estudiando. Que nosotros pasemos That we pass La ley permite que nosotros pasemos la frontera en carro. Que vosotros pasis That you pass Carla espera que vosotros pasis por tres semforos en el camino. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas pasen That you/they pass El presidente no quiere que ellos pasen hambre durante la guerra. Pasar Imperfect  Subjunctive The imperfect subjunctive functions like the present subjunctive, but in situations that took place in the past. There are two different ways of conjugating the imperfect subjunctive, shown in the tables below. Option 1 Que yo pasara That I passed Tu hermano quera que yo pasara por tu casa todos los das. Que t pasaras That you passed Tu madre peda que t pasaras la sal durante la cena. Que usted/l/ella pasara That you/he/she passed La maestra esperaba que ella pasara mucho tiempo estudiando. Que nosotros pasramos That we passed La ley permita que nosotros pasramos la frontera en carro. Que vosotros pasarais That you passed Carla esperaba que vosotros pasarais por tres semforos en el camino. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas pasaran That you/they passed El presidente no quera que ellos pasaran hambre durante la guerra. Option 2 Que yo pasase That I passed Tu hermano quera que yo pasase por tu casa todos los das. Que t pasases That you passed Tu madre peda que t pasases la sal durante la cena. Que usted/l/ella pasase That you/he/she passed La maestra esperaba que ella pasase mucho tiempo estudiando. Que nosotros passemos That we passed La ley permita que nosotros passemos la frontera en carro. Que vosotros pasaseis That you passed Carla esperaba que vosotros pasaseis por tres semforos en el camino. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas pasasen That you/they passed El presidente no quera que ellos pasasen hambre durante la guerra. Pasar Imperative   Verbs conjugated in the imperative mood are used to give direct orders or commands. There are both positive and negative commands. For  negative commands, add the adverb  no  before the command. Notice that there are some differences in the positive and negative commands for  tà ºÃ‚  and  vosotros. Positive Commands T pasa Pass! Pasa la sal! Usted pase Pass! Pase mucho tiempo estudiando! Nosotros pasemos Lets pass! Pasemos la frontera en carro! Vosotros pasad Pass! Pasad por tres semforos en el camino! Ustedes pasen Pass! Pasen hambre durante la guerra! Negative Commands T no pases Dont pass! No pases la sal! Usted no pase Dont pass! No pase mucho tiempo estudiando! Nosotros no pasemos Lets not pass! No pasemos la frontera en carro! Vosotros no pasis Dont pass! No pasis por tres semforos en el camino! Ustedes no pasen Dont pass! No pasen hambre durante la guerra!